五种单句的基本句型
- S+V (主语+动词)
- S+V+O (主语+动词+宾语)
- S+V+C (主语 +动词+补语)
- S+V+O+O (主语+动词+宾语+补语)
- S+V+O+C (主语+动词+宾语+补语)
主谓宾动状补是什么?
结构总结:
- 3种结构:
- 名词
- 形容词【修饰名词】
- 副词【修饰动词、形容词、其他副词】
- 主谓宾动状补:
- 主语:名词
- 谓语:动词
- 宾语:名词
- 表语:名词、形容词
- 补语:名词、形容词
- 主谓宾动状补:
- 主语:谁或什么做动作。
- 谓语:动词,表示动作或状态。
- 宾语:动作的接受者。
- 动词:通常作为谓语的一部分,表示动作。
- 状语:修饰动词,提供更多背景信息。
- 补语:对主语或宾语进行描述或补充说明。
例句分析:
- She (主语) is (谓语) reading (动词) a book (宾语) in the park (状语).
- 主语**”She”,谓语“is reading”,宾语“a book”,状语“in the park”**。
1. 主语(Subject)
主语通常是句子中的“做事情的人”或“事物”,是句子的主题。
例子:
- She is reading a book.
“She” 是主语,表示做动作的人。
2. 谓语(Verb)
谓语通常是动词,表示主语在做什么,或者主语的状态。
例子:
- She is reading a book.
“is reading” 是谓语,表示主语在做的动作。
3. 宾语(Object)
宾语是动作的承受者,表示谓语动词的动作作用到什么或谁。
例子:
- She is reading a book.
“a book” 是宾语,表示动作作用的对象。
4. 动词(Verb)
动词是谓语的一部分,它表示动作或状态。
在这个结构中,动词是谓语的一部分,所以并不是单独列出。但是,动词是主语做什么的关键。
5. 状语(Adverbial)
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,提供时间、地点、方式、程度等额外信息。
例子:
- She is reading a book in the park.
“in the park” 是状语,告诉我们动作发生的地点。 - She is always reading books.
“always” 是状语,告诉我们动作发生的频率。
6. 补语(Complement)
补语用来补充或完成主语、宾语或整个句子的意思,通常对主语或宾语做更详细的描述。
例子:
- She is a teacher.
“a teacher” 是补语,描述主语**”She”**的身份。 - The book is interesting.
“interesting” 是补语,描述宾语**”book”**的特征。
常见通用词语
连词(Conjunctions)
连词用于连接单词、短语或句子,常见的连词可以分为三种类型:并列连词、从属连词、和选择连词。
1. 并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions)
并列连词用于连接两个相同语法结构的词、短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
- and:表示“和、而且”
- I like coffee and tea.
(我喜欢咖啡和茶。)
- I like coffee and tea.
- but:表示“但是、然而”
- She is smart, but she is not very confident.
(她很聪明,但她不太自信。)
- She is smart, but she is not very confident.
- or:表示“或者、要么”
- Do you want tea or coffee?
(你要喝茶还是咖啡?)
- Do you want tea or coffee?
- nor:表示“也不”
- She doesn’t like apples, nor does she like bananas.
(她不喜欢苹果,也不喜欢香蕉。)
- She doesn’t like apples, nor does she like bananas.
- for:表示“因为”
- I went to bed early, for I was tired.
(我早早上床了,因为我累了。)
- I went to bed early, for I was tired.
- yet:表示“但是、然而”
- It was raining, yet they went outside.
(下雨了,但他们还是出去了。)
- It was raining, yet they went outside.
- so:表示“所以、因此”
- I was hungry, so I ate a sandwich.
(我饿了,所以吃了一个三明治。)
- I was hungry, so I ate a sandwich.
2. 从属连词(Subordinating Conjunctions)
从属连词用于连接一个主句和一个从句,从句不能独立存在。常见的从属连词有:
- because:表示“因为”
- I stayed home because it was raining.
(因为下雨,我待在家里。)
- I stayed home because it was raining.
- although / though:表示“尽管”
- Although it was late, she kept working.
(尽管很晚了,她还是继续工作。)
- Although it was late, she kept working.
- if:表示“如果”
- If it rains, we will stay inside.
(如果下雨,我们就待在里面。)
- If it rains, we will stay inside.
- when:表示“当……时候”
- I will call you when I arrive.
(我到达时会给你打电话。)
- I will call you when I arrive.
- while:表示“当……时;而”
- While she was cooking, he was cleaning.
(她在做饭时,他在打扫。)
- While she was cooking, he was cleaning.
- since:表示“自从;因为”
- I haven’t seen him since last year.
(自从去年以来我就没见过他。)
- I haven’t seen him since last year.
- unless:表示“除非”
- You won’t pass the test unless you study.
(除非你学习,否则你不会通过考试。)
- You won’t pass the test unless you study.
- before:表示“在……之前”
- Finish your homework before you play games.
(在玩游戏之前完成作业。)
- Finish your homework before you play games.
3. 选择连词(Correlative Conjunctions)
选择连词成对出现,表示对等关系。
- either…or:表示“要么……要么”
- You can either go to the park or stay home.
(你要么去公园,要么待在家里。)
- You can either go to the park or stay home.
- neither…nor:表示“既不……也不”
- Neither Tom nor Jack is coming to the party.
(汤姆和杰克都不来参加聚会。)
- Neither Tom nor Jack is coming to the party.
- both…and:表示“既……又……”
- She is both smart and kind.
(她既聪明又善良。)
- She is both smart and kind.
关系词(Relative Words)
关系词(或关系代词)用于引导定语从句,它们连接主句和从句,并代替句中的名词。常见的关系词有:
- who:指人,作为主语
- The man who is talking is my father.
(正在说话的那个人是我父亲。)
- The man who is talking is my father.
- whom:指人,作为宾语
- The person whom I met yesterday is very kind.
(我昨天遇到的人非常友善。)
- The person whom I met yesterday is very kind.
- whose:表示“谁的”,用来表示所属关系
- The woman whose car was stolen is my neighbor.
(那个车被偷的女人是我的邻居。)
- The woman whose car was stolen is my neighbor.
- which:指物或动物,作为主语或宾语
- The book which you gave me is interesting.
(你给我的那本书很有趣。)
- The book which you gave me is interesting.
- that:指人、物或动物,可以代替who、whom、which
- This is the book that I wanted to buy.
(这是我想买的书。)
- This is the book that I wanted to buy.
- where:表示地点
- This is the place where I was born.
(这是我出生的地方。)
- This is the place where I was born.
- when:表示时间
- I will never forget the day when we met.
(我永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。)
- I will never forget the day when we met.
- why:表示原因
- Do you know the reason why she is crying?
(你知道她哭的原因吗?)
- Do you know the reason why she is crying?
常见的系动词
- be:是最常见的系动词,用来表示身份、状态、性质等。
- I am a student.
(我是学生。)
“am” 是系动词,连接主语**”I”和表语“a student”**。
- I am a student.
- seem:表示“似乎、看起来”
- She seems happy.
(她看起来很高兴。)
“seems” 是系动词,连接主语**”She”和表语“happy”**。
- She seems happy.
- become:表示“变得、成为”
- He became a doctor.
(他成了医生。)
“became” 是系动词,连接主语**”He”和表语“a doctor”**。
- He became a doctor.
- appear:表示“看起来、似乎”
- It appears that he is tired.
(看起来他很累。)
“appears” 是系动词,连接主语**”It”和表语“that he is tired”**。
- It appears that he is tired.
- feel:表示“感觉、觉得”
- She feels excited.
(她觉得很兴奋。)
“feels” 是系动词,连接主语**”She”和表语“excited”**。
- She feels excited.
- look:表示“看起来、显得”
- You look tired.
(你看起来很累。)
“look” 是系动词,连接主语**”You”和表语“tired”**。
- You look tired.
- sound:表示“听起来”
- That sounds interesting.
(那听起来很有趣。)
“sounds” 是系动词,连接主语**”That”和表语“interesting”**。
- That sounds interesting.
- taste:表示“尝起来”
- The soup tastes delicious.
(这汤尝起来很美味。)
“tastes” 是系动词,连接主语**”The soup”和表语“delicious”**。
- The soup tastes delicious.
- smell:表示“闻起来”
- The flowers smell wonderful.
(这些花闻起来很香。)
“smell” 是系动词,连接主语**”The flowers”和表语“wonderful”**。
- The flowers smell wonderful.
- remain:表示“保持、依然是”
- He remained calm during the interview.
(他在面试中保持冷静。)
“remained” 是系动词,连接主语**”He”和表语“calm”**。
- He remained calm during the interview.